A tale of murderous indifference: ‘The Zone of Interest’ offers a view of the Holocaust as chilling as its architects

Sandra Hüller, playing Hedwig Höss, gives her newborn daughter a close look at the family garden outside Auschwitz concentration camp in a scene from “The Zone of Interest.”

Sandra Hüller, playing Hedwig Höss, gives her newborn daughter a close look at the family garden outside Auschwitz concentration camp in a scene from “The Zone of Interest.” Image from A24

A pastoral idyll, despite a death camp in the background: Rudolph Höss (Christian Friedel), back to camera, observes his children and others playing in a scene from “The Zone of Interest.”

A pastoral idyll, despite a death camp in the background: Rudolph Höss (Christian Friedel), back to camera, observes his children and others playing in a scene from “The Zone of Interest.” Image from A24

The opening scene from “The Zone of Interest,” the Academy award-winning film set at Auschwitz concentration camp during World War II.

The opening scene from “The Zone of Interest,” the Academy award-winning film set at Auschwitz concentration camp during World War II. Image from A24

Nazi leaders of the concentration camp system meet in a scene from “The Zone of Interest.”

Nazi leaders of the concentration camp system meet in a scene from “The Zone of Interest.” Image from A24

“The Zone of Interest” gets its chill from juxtaposing scenes of seeming family normalcy right outside ta concentration camp where over 1 million people were murdered.

“The Zone of Interest” gets its chill from juxtaposing scenes of seeming family normalcy right outside ta concentration camp where over 1 million people were murdered. Image from A24

Jonathan Glazer, director of “The Zone of Interest,” holds the Oscar for Best International Feature Film at the Academy Awards in Hollywood in early March. Glazer, who is Jewish, stirred controversy in his acceptance speech when he appeared to link the Holocaust to Israel’s ongoing attacks in Gaza. 

Jonathan Glazer, director of “The Zone of Interest,” holds the Oscar for Best International Feature Film at the Academy Awards in Hollywood in early March. Glazer, who is Jewish, stirred controversy in his acceptance speech when he appeared to link the Holocaust to Israel’s ongoing attacks in Gaza.  Photo by Dania Maxwell/Los Angeles Times/TNS

Rudolph Höss, the commandant of Auschwtiz, is escorted to a gallows in 1947, erected just outside the former concentration camp in southern Poland.

Rudolph Höss, the commandant of Auschwtiz, is escorted to a gallows in 1947, erected just outside the former concentration camp in southern Poland. Photo by Stanislaw Dabrowiecki/Wikipedia/public domain

By STEVE PFARRER

Staff Writer

Published: 03-24-2024 2:03 PM

Hannah Arendt famously coined the term “the banality of evil” in her book on Adolph Eichmann’s trial in Israel in 1963, where the former Nazi official, a key organizer of the Holocaust, presented himself as a bureaucrat who was “just doing his job” in the effort to murder millions of Jews and other people during World War II.

“The Zone of Interest,” the British-Polish movie that won an Academy Award earlier this month for Best International Feature Film, may have coined another term: the indifference of evil.

There are no scenes of violence and brutality in “The Zone of Interest,” currently playing at the Amherst Cinema: none of the random shootings, terrorizing mass roundups, or the Nazis’ ritual humiliation of Jews that marked films such as “Schindler’s List” and “The Pianist.”

The Holocaust instead is a backdrop — part visual, part aural — to a story centered on Rudolf Höss (Christian Friedel), the commandant of Auschwitz in occupied Poland, and his wife, Hedwig (Sandra Hüller), who with their five children live in a well-scrubbed house, complete with an extensive garden and grounds, right next to one of the walls of the camp.

It’s 1943, and smoke billows regularly in the distance from crematoria that always seem to be operating, chimney fires glowing red at night, as well as from trains bringing more prisoners to the camp. Gunshots, shouted orders, and cries of pain and terror can be heard from time to time.

But for the Höss family, life is mostly a pastoral idyll, or so they’d like to believe: picnicking by a lake, kayaking on a river, and eating fresh food from the garden that Hedwig tends assiduously (with the help of prison laborers, who spread human ash as fertilizer).

“We’re living how we dreamed we would,” Hedwig says to her husband. “Beyond how we dreamed. Out of the city finally. Everything we want on our doorstep. And our children strong and healthy and happy. Everything the Führer said about how we should live is exactly what we do.”

Rudolph Höss is more phlegmatic administrator than committed anti-Semite. He’s impressed when two representatives from a German company show him blueprints for a more efficient crematoria system that will enable Auschwitz to increase its “load capacity,” and his only show of emotion comes when, pending a transfer to another job in the concentration camp system, he tells his horse he loves him and will miss him.

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Friedel does a convincing job of bringing the robotic monstrosities of Höss to life. Auschwitz’s longest-serving commandant, he played a key role in introducing the use of the pesticide Zyklon B for gassing prisoners, and he remained largely unrepentant about his crimes right up to the day he was hanged in 1947, on a gallows erected just outside Auschwitz.

And Hüller, as Hedwig, is mostly cool and brisk in her role as mother and queen of the house, though she can lash out dangerously when she’s angry, such as when she tells one of her frightened maids, “I could have my husband spread your ashes across the fields.”

It’s Rudolph and Hedwig’s utter indifference to what’s taking place right outside their door that gives “The Zone of Interest” its chill, one that makes the film more disturbing in some ways than movies like “Schindler’s List.” They’re raising their children under some sick pretense of normalcy even as ashes and the stink of burning flesh waft around them.

Jonathan Glazer, the director and screenwriter of “The Zone of Interest” — it was filmed at and around Auschwitz — reinforces that mood with a grinding, disturbing soundtrack that mixes industrial noise, synthesizers, varied voices, and dense choral music; the film also won an Oscar for Best Sound.

That sound assaults you, especially as the movie opens with an extended black screen. The aural attack is abruptly replaced by birdsong as the camera lands on the Höss family relaxing by a small lake.

Glazer also used a special camera to film scenes at night in which a young Polish girl — the sequences were inspired by a real-life figure, the late Aleksandra Bystron Kolodziejczyk — leaves food at worksites outside the camp for prisoners to find. These infrared images, coupled with the eerie soundtrack, add another level of foreboding.

Ultimately, though, “The Zone of Interest,” based loosely on Martin Amis’ novel of the same name, builds its ominous atmosphere with images of quotidian life in the Höss household, tilted on an axis as they are, like Hedwig trying on a fur coat taken from a dead prisoner, or Rudolph reading “Hansel and Gretel” to one of his daughters. (The story involves a witch being burned alive in an oven.)

At one point, Hedwig’s mother comes to visit and looks admiringly at the clean house, the spacious yard and garden, and the retinue of servants at her daughter’s command and says “You really have landed on your feet, my girl.”

She wonders, though, about the makeup of the maids who serve Hedwig: “Jews, in the house?”

Oh no, says Hedwig, gesturing to the death camp next door: “The Jews are over the other side of the wall. [The maids] are local girls.”

A few cracks do appear in this carefully constructed facade. Hedwig’s mother wakens one night and looks out the bedroom window to see the crematoria fires flaring; she seems to wrinkle her nose from an unpleasant smell and leaves the next morning without notice.

A “crisis” arises late in the film when Rudolph is assigned to a new job near Berlin; Hedwig, in tears, refuses to move, saying her job is to stay in their lovely Auschwitz home to raise the children.

But all is not lost. In early 1944, Nazi leadership announces a new plan to ship 700,000 Hungarian Jews to Auschwitz, and Rudolph is reassigned to the camp as the best man to oversee this huge administrative and logistical challenge.

“I’m pleased as punch,” he tells Hedwig in a phone call from Berlin, where he also attends a grand party staged by the SS.

And when she asks him who was at the big fete, he says “To tell you the truth, I wasn’t really paying attention. I was too busy thinking how I’d gas everyone in the room. Very difficult, logistically, because of its high ceiling.”

“The Zone of Interest” has earned a number of other awards and widespread praise, though there are naysayers: The New York Times dismissed it as a “hollow, self-aggrandizing art-film exercise.”

I don’t buy that. The movie, in its utter lack of sentimentality and the chilling performances of Friedel and Hüller, makes for an apt study of humanity’s ever-present capacity for violence, depravity, and indifference to suffering.

“The Zone of Interest” (in German with subtitles) plays at Amherst Cinema through at least March 28. It’s also available for rent or purchase on some streaming services such as Amazon Prime.

Steve Pfarrer can be reached at spfarrer@gazettenet.com.